Where is topology used

So it is also known as hierarchical topology. This topology integrates various star topologies together in a single bus, so it is known as a Star Bus topology. Tree topology is a very common network which is similar to a bus and star topology. Hybrid topology combines two or more topologies. You can see in the above architecture in such a manner that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies. For example, as you can see in the above image that in an office in one department, Star and P2P topology is used.

A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Here are some important considerations for selecting the best topology to create a network in your organization:. Skip to content. Report a Bug. Previous Prev. Next Continue.

Home Testing Expand child menu Expand. SAP Expand child menu Expand. What is Topology? Undergraduate studies Graduate studies Employment opportunities Visitor directions. General Topology or Point Set Topology. General topology normally considers local properties of spaces, and is closely related to analysis. It generalizes the concept of continuity to define topological spaces, in which limits of sequences can be considered.

Sometimes distances can be defined in these spaces, in which case they are called metric spaces; sometimes no concept of distance makes sense. Combinatorial Topology. Combinatorial topology considers the global properties of spaces, built up from a network of vertices, edges, and faces. This is the oldest branch of topology, and dates back to Euler. It has been shown that topologically equivalent spaces have the same numerical invariant, which we now call the Euler characteristic.

Algebraic Topology. Algebraic topology also considers the global properties of spaces, and uses algebraic objects such as groups and rings to answer topological questions. Algebraic topology converts a topological problem into an algebraic problem that is hopefully easier to solve.

For example, a group called a homology group can be associated to each space, and the torus and the Klein bottle can be distinguished from each other because they have different homology groups. Ring Topology Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends. The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit to the next node.

The data flows in one direction, i. The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop. It has no terminated ends, i. The data in a ring topology flow in a clockwise direction. The most common access method of the ring topology is token passing. Token passing: It is a network access method in which token is passed from one node to another node. Token: It is a frame that circulates around the network. Working of Token passing A token moves around the network, and it is passed from computer to computer until it reaches the destination.

The sender modifies the token by putting the address along with the data. The data is passed from one device to another device until the destination address matches. Once the token received by the destination device, then it sends the acknowledgment to the sender.

In a ring topology, a token is used as a carrier. Advantages of Ring topology: Network Management: Faulty devices can be removed from the network without bringing the network down. Product availability: Many hardware and software tools for network operation and monitoring are available. Cost: Twisted pair cabling is inexpensive and easily available. Therefore, the installation cost is very low. Reliable: It is a more reliable network because the communication system is not dependent on the single host computer.

Disadvantages of Ring topology: Difficult troubleshooting: It requires specialized test equipment to determine the cable faults. Failure: The breakdown in one station leads to the failure of the overall network. Delay: Communication delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes.

Adding new devices increases the communication delay. Star Topology Star topology is an arrangement of the network in which every node is connected to the central hub, switch or a central computer.

The central computer is known as a server , and the peripheral devices attached to the server are known as clients. Coaxial cable or RJ cables are used to connect the computers. Hubs or Switches are mainly used as connection devices in a physical star topology. Star topology is the most popular topology in network implementation. Advantages of Star topology Efficient troubleshooting: Troubleshooting is quite efficient in a star topology as compared to bus topology.

In a bus topology, the manager has to inspect the kilometers of cable. In a star topology, all the stations are connected to the centralized network. Therefore, the network administrator has to go to the single station to troubleshoot the problem. Network control: Complex network control features can be easily implemented in the star topology. Any changes made in the star topology are automatically accommodated. Limited failure: As each station is connected to the central hub with its own cable, therefore failure in one cable will not affect the entire network.

Familiar technology: Star topology is a familiar technology as its tools are cost-effective. Easily expandable: It is easily expandable as new stations can be added to the open ports on the hub. Cost effective: Star topology networks are cost-effective as it uses inexpensive coaxial cable. High data speeds: It supports a bandwidth of approx Mbps.

Ethernet BaseT is one of the most popular Star topology networks. Disadvantages of Star topology A Central point of failure: If the central hub or switch goes down, then all the connected nodes will not be able to communicate with each other.

Cable: Sometimes cable routing becomes difficult when a significant amount of routing is required. Tree topology Tree topology combines the characteristics of bus topology and star topology. A tree topology is a type of structure in which all the computers are connected with each other in hierarchical fashion. The top-most node in tree topology is known as a root node, and all other nodes are the descendants of the root node.

There is only one path exists between two nodes for the data transmission. Thus, it forms a parent-child hierarchy. Advantages of Tree topology Support for broadband transmission: Tree topology is mainly used to provide broadband transmission, i. Easily expandable: We can add the new device to the existing network.